Environmental Product Declaration
Top 100 - 3-layer Glass
by VELUX
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for Top 100 - 3-layer Glass, manufactured by VELUX. Declaration SmartEPD-2025-077-0554-01.1, prepared according to IBU Part B: Requirements on the EPD for Windows and Doors, valid until July 28, 2030.
- Declared unit
- 1 m2 of product of a window ≤ 2,3 m² (reference dimensions according to EN 17213: 1,23 m × 1,48 m)
- Valid until
- July 28, 2030
- PCR
- Windows and Doors
Declaration details
- Manufacturer
- VELUX
- Program operator
- Smart EPD
- Declaration number
- SmartEPD-2025-077-0554-01.1
- Date of issue
- July 28, 2025
- Valid until
- July 28, 2030
- Product category rules (PCR)
- IBU Part B: Requirements on the EPD for Windows and Doors (version 1.0/1.7/1.4)
- Standard
- ISO 14025:2006 and EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021
- Declared unit
- 1 m2 of product of a window ≤ 2,3 m² (reference dimensions according to EN 17213: 1,23 m × 1,48 m)
- System boundary
- Cradle to gate with other options (A1 - A3, A4, A5, C1 - C4, D)
- Product specificity
- Product Specific
- Manufacturing specificity
- Facility Specific
- Manufacturing plants
- Hüllhorst, DE (Weidehorst 28, 32609); Opmeer, NL (De Veken 308, 1716 KJ)
- Product category
- Openings › TranslucentWallAndRoofAssemblies
- Product service life
- 30 years
- Verifier
- Rifat Karim, Independent Consultant
- LCA software
- SimaPro 9.5
- Program instructions
- Smart EPD General Program Instructions v.2.0, March 2025
Life cycle assessment results
Results per 1 m2 of product of a window ≤ 2,3 m² (reference dimensions according to EN 17213: 1,23 m × 1,48 m).
Environmental Impact Assessment Results
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GWP-total | kg CO2 eq | 1.14e+2 | 2.78e-2 | 4.69e+0 | 0 | 5.94e-1 | 1.77e+0 | 1.32e-1 | -3.31e+1 |
| GWP-biogenic | kg CO2 eq | 8.89e-1 | 2.21e-5 | 1.42e-1 | 0 | 4.74e-4 | 1.38e-4 | 2.96e-5 | 3.30e-1 |
| GWP-fossil | kg CO2 eq | 1.13e+2 | 2.77e-2 | 4.54e+0 | 0 | 5.94e-1 | 1.77e+0 | 1.32e-1 | -3.34e+1 |
| GWP-luluc | kg CO2 eq | 6.47e-2 | 1.35e-5 | 1.96e-3 | 0 | 2.90e-4 | 1.40e-5 | 1.57e-5 | -2.66e-2 |
| ODP | kg CFC11 eq | 4.02e-6 | 6.30e-10 | 1.23e-7 | 0 | 1.35e-8 | 1.84e-9 | 1.99e-9 | -1.28e-6 |
| AP | mol H+ eq | 8.33e-1 | 6.87e-5 | 2.54e-2 | 0 | 1.47e-3 | 4.08e-4 | 1.19e-3 | -2.72e-1 |
| EP-freshwater | kg P eq | 1.89e-2 | 2.05e-6 | 5.72e-4 | 0 | 4.38e-5 | 5.41e-6 | 6.71e-6 | -7.05e-3 |
| EP-marine | kg N eq | 1.44e-1 | 1.87e-5 | 4.51e-3 | 0 | 4.00e-4 | 2.32e-4 | 5.35e-4 | -4.43e-2 |
| EP-terrestrial | mol N eq | 1.67e+0 | 1.92e-4 | 5.17e-2 | 0 | 4.11e-3 | 1.98e-3 | 5.82e-3 | -5.28e-1 |
| POCP | kg NMVOC eq | 5.14e-1 | 1.12e-4 | 1.59e-2 | 0 | 2.40e-3 | 5.00e-4 | 1.75e-3 | -1.58e-1 |
| ADP-minerals&metals | kg Sb eq | 7.45e-4 | 7.76e-8 | 2.25e-5 | 0 | 1.66e-6 | 8.73e-8 | 4.73e-8 | -1.50e-4 |
| ADP-fossil | MJ | 1.42e+3 | 4.21e-1 | 4.34e+1 | 0 | 9.01e+0 | 3.43e-1 | 1.69e+0 | -3.81e+2 |
| WDP | m3 depriv. | 2.68e+1 | 2.01e-3 | 8.57e-1 | 0 | 4.30e-2 | 7.95e-2 | 3.77e-3 | -5.65e+0 |
Resource Use Indicators
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PERE | MJ | 8.65e+1 | 6.16e-3 | 2.61e+0 | 0 | 1.32e-1 | 1.37e-2 | 1.40e-2 | -2.83e+1 |
| PERM | MJ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PERT | MJ | 8.65e+1 | 6.16e-3 | 2.61e+0 | 0 | 1.32e-1 | 1.37e-2 | 1.40e-2 | -2.83e+1 |
| PENRE | MJ | 1.42e+3 | 4.21e-1 | 4.34e+1 | 0 | 9.01e+0 | 3.43e-1 | 1.69e+0 | -3.81e+2 |
| PENRM | MJ | 2.92e-1 | 1.78e-5 | 8.80e-3 | 0 | 3.80e-4 | 1.50e-5 | 1.98e-5 | -6.76e-2 |
| PENRT | MJ | 1.42e+3 | 4.21e-1 | 4.34e+1 | 0 | 9.01e+0 | 3.43e-1 | 1.69e+0 | -3.81e+2 |
| SM | kg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| RSF | MJ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NRSF | MJ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| FW | m3 | 7.53e-1 | 5.71e-5 | 2.43e-2 | 0 | 1.22e-3 | 2.51e-3 | 9.07e-5 | -1.77e-1 |
Waste and Output Flow Indicators
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NHWD | kg | 5.93e-1 | 0 | 1.52e+0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.62e+1 | 0 |
| RWD | kg | 1.42e-3 | 1.28e-7 | 4.30e-5 | 0 | 2.75e-6 | 1.70e-7 | 1.99e-7 | -3.65e-4 |
| CRU | kg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| MFR | kg | 3.39e-1 | 0 | 8.27e-1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.38e+1 | -2.46e+1 |
| MER | kg | 9.86e-1 | 0 | 5.85e-1 | 0 | 0 | 8.06e-1 | 0 | -1.36e+0 |
Carbon Emissions and Removals
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bio Carbon Removal from Product | kg C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bio Carbon Emission from Product | kg C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bio Carbon Removal from Packaging | kg C | -1.31e-1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bio Carbon Emission from Packaging | kg C | 4.49e-2 | 0 | 8.65e-2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source) | kg C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Calcination Carbon Removal | kg C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Carbonation Carbon Emission | kg C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewable source) | kg C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ND = not declared. Life cycle modules: A1-A3 product stage, A4-A5 construction process, B use stage, C end of life, D benefits and loads beyond the system boundary.
Material composition
| Material/Component Category | Origin | % Mass |
|---|---|---|
| Blind rivets, nuts , screws, plates | LTU, DNK | 0.48 |
| Gaskets, washers | NLD, DNK, DEU | 1.18 |
| Glazing | LTU | 92.61 |
| Profiles, support brackets, tubes and strips | DNK, BEL | 5.73 |
| Packaging material | Origin | Mass (kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Cardboard | 0.11 | |
| Pallet | 0.07 | |
| Plastic cover | 0.57 |
| Biogenic carbon content | kg C per m2 |
|---|---|
| Biogenic carbon content in product | 0 |
| Biogenic carbon content in accompanying packaging | 0.09 |
Hazardous substances
No regulated hazardous or dangerous substances are included in this product.
Scenarios
Transport to the building site (A4)
- Fuel type
- Diesel
- Vehicle type
- Truck and Trailer
- Transport distance
- 277 km
- Capacity utilization
- 33%
- Weight of products transported
- 71.53 kg
- Packaging mass
- 0.751 kg
End of life (C1-C4)
- Collected with mixed construction waste
- 70.78 kg
- Recycling
- 23.81 kg
- Landfill
- 46.17 kg
- Incineration
- 0.8062 kg
Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary (D)
- Recycling rate of product
- 0.3363%
- Recycled content of product
- 0.2263%
Product description
The VELUX Top 100 Glass is a premium flat‑roof window suitable for roof pitches between 0°–15° (minimum incline ~3°), featuring a sleek flush‑mount, powder‑coated aluminium frame (standard RAL 9005) with insulated metal or GFK curbs, and a high‑performance double-glazed unit (low‑E, warm‑edge spacer, laminated/toughened layers) that achieves Ug-values around 0.5 W/m²K and sound reduction up to 45 dB; it comes in ten standard sizes, is permanently fall‑through safe per DIN 18008‑6, and is available in fixed, comfort‑vent (230 V/300 mm chain), or smoke‑vent (24 V/500 mm chain) versions, making it an ideal, low-maintenance daylight and ventilation solution for commercial, public, and industrial buildings
Interpretation
The manufacturing of the products in this analysis involves the direct procurement of raw materials from suppliers. These materials are then transported to manufacturing facilities in the EU where they are stored, processed, and combined to produce finished products. Notably, the product stage (stage 1) has the highest impact contribution, mainly attributed to the combined environmental impacts associated with raw material manufacturing and energy used in manufacturing the products.
For products with significant manufacturing energy impacts, the shift to renewable energy sources is recommended.
Given that the raw materials used in product manufacturing have a significant impact, exploration of opportunities to substitute these materials with alternatives that have a lower environmental impact. Additionally, consideration should be given to collaborating with suppliers who employ sustainable manufacturing techniques or integrate more renewable energy into their production processes. Such initiatives can lead to more environmentally friendly products and further enhance the sustainability of the products in this analysis.
LCIA results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds, safety margins or risks. EPDs are comparable only when they follow the same PCR, functional unit and system boundary. The full EPD (PDF) contains the methodology, scenario assumptions and verification statement.