Environmental Product Declaration

M44 / M45 / S48 / I48 Upstands

Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for M44 / M45 / S48 / I48 Upstands, manufactured by VELUX. Declaration SmartEPD-2026-077-1122-01, prepared according to IBU PCR Part B: Requirements on the EPD for Windows and Doors v1.0/1.7/1.4, valid until October 22, 2031.

Download the EPD (PDF)

Declared unit: 1 m2 of product of a window ≤ 2.3 m² (reference dimensions according to EN 17213: 1.23 m × 1.48 m)
Valid until: October 22, 2031
PCR: IBU Part B: Windows and Doors v1.0/1.7/1.4

Declaration details

Manufacturer: VELUX
Program operator: Smart EPD
Declaration number: SmartEPD-2026-077-1122-01
Date of issue: October 22, 2026
Valid until: October 22, 2031
Product category rules (PCR): IBU PCR Part B: Requirements on the EPD for Windows and Doors v1.0/1.7/1.4
Standard: ISO 14025:2006 and EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021
Declared unit: 1 m2 of product of a window ≤ 2.3 m² (reference dimensions according to EN 17213: 1.23 m × 1.48 m)
System boundary: Cradle to gate with other options (A1 - A3, A4, A5, C1 - C4, D)
Product specificity: Product Specific
Manufacturing specificity: Facility Specific
Manufacturing plant: Østbirk (Østvej 2, Ostbirk, Denmark)
Product category: Openings › TranslucentWallAndRoofAssemblies
Product SKU: I48 Insulated Upstand – 90 cm; (Reference) 54.8 kg/m2 I48 Insulated Upstand – 60 cm; 39.9 kg/m2 I48 Insulated Upstand – 30 cm; 25.1 kg/m2 S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand – 90 cm; 38.5 kg/m2 S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand – 60 cm; 27.6 kg/m2 S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand – 30 cm; 16.8 kg/m2 M45…
Verifier: Rifat Karim, Independent Consultant
LCA software: SimaPro 10.2
Program instructions: Smart EPD General Program Instructions v.2.0, March 2025

Life cycle assessment results

Results per 1 m2 of product of a window ≤ 2.3 m² (reference dimensions according to EN 17213: 1.23 m × 1.48 m).

Environmental Impact Assessment Results

I48 Insulated Upstand - 90 cm; 54.8 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
GWP-total	kg CO2 eq	-2.04e+1	1.94e+0	1.08e+0	7.60e-1	7.28e+1	4.00e+0	-2.14e+0
GWP-biogenic	kg CO2 eq	-7.57e+1	6.50e-4	2.35e-1	2.54e-4	7.21e+1	3.95e+0	-2.27e-2
GWP-fossil	kg CO2 eq	5.52e+1	1.94e+0	8.44e-1	7.60e-1	7.42e-1	4.57e-2	-2.10e+0
GWP-luluc	kg CO2 eq	2.05e-1	9.47e-4	1.03e-5	3.71e-4	1.91e-4	2.29e-5	-1.74e-2
ODP	kg CFC11 eq	1.53e-6	4.41e-8	1.06e-9	1.73e-8	1.18e-8	9.14e-10	-5.34e-7
AP	mol H+ eq	3.97e-1	4.81e-3	2.22e-4	1.88e-3	7.13e-3	3.60e-4	-8.09e-2
EP-freshwater	kg P eq	2.18e-2	1.43e-4	3.45e-6	5.61e-5	2.98e-4	6.37e-6	-9.98e-4
EP-marine	kg N eq	1.06e-1	1.31e-3	1.21e-4	5.12e-4	3.79e-3	9.42e-4	-2.11e-2
EP-terrestrial	mol N eq	1.18e+0	1.34e-2	1.04e-3	5.26e-3	3.64e-2	1.58e-3	-3.73e-1
POCP	kg NMVOC eq	3.82e-1	7.85e-3	2.81e-4	3.07e-3	9.28e-3	5.56e-4	-6.60e-2
ADP-minerals&metals	kg Sb eq	4.81e-4	5.43e-6	6.30e-8	2.13e-6	1.17e-6	6.39e-8	-6.88e-6
ADP-fossil	MJ	9.28e+2	2.95e+1	2.80e-1	1.15e+1	5.83e+0	8.23e-1	-2.16e+1
WDP	m3 depriv.	4.42e+1	1.41e-1	3.82e-2	5.51e-2	-5.09e-1	2.54e-2	-1.28e+0

I48 Insulated Upstand - 60 cm; 39.9 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
GWP-total	kg CO2 eq	-1.67e+1	1.42e+0	7.87e-1	5.56e-1	5.41e+1	2.97e+0	-1.70e+0
GWP-biogenic	kg CO2 eq	-5.62e+1	4.74e-4	1.71e-1	1.86e-4	5.35e+1	2.93e+0	-1.52e-2
GWP-fossil	kg CO2 eq	3.94e+1	1.42e+0	6.15e-1	5.56e-1	5.68e-1	3.15e-2	-1.67e+0
GWP-luluc	kg CO2 eq	1.52e-1	6.90e-4	7.52e-6	2.71e-4	1.40e-4	1.67e-5	-1.28e-2
ODP	kg CFC11 eq	1.16e-6	3.21e-8	7.71e-10	1.26e-8	8.78e-9	6.41e-10	-4.43e-7
AP	mol H+ eq	2.76e-1	3.50e-3	1.62e-4	1.38e-3	5.29e-3	2.45e-4	-5.97e-2
EP-freshwater	kg P eq	1.55e-2	1.04e-4	2.52e-6	4.10e-5	2.21e-4	4.60e-6	-7.97e-4
EP-marine	kg N eq	7.45e-2	9.54e-4	8.85e-5	3.75e-4	2.81e-3	6.89e-4	-1.57e-2
EP-terrestrial	mol N eq	8.20e-1	9.80e-3	7.61e-4	3.85e-3	2.70e-2	1.06e-3	-2.77e-1
POCP	kg NMVOC eq	2.68e-1	5.72e-3	2.05e-4	2.25e-3	6.88e-3	3.81e-4	-4.97e-2
ADP-minerals&metals	kg Sb eq	3.67e-4	3.96e-6	4.60e-8	1.55e-6	8.66e-7	4.65e-8	-4.63e-6
ADP-fossil	MJ	6.59e+2	2.15e+1	2.04e-1	8.43e+0	4.31e+0	5.80e-1	-1.79e+1
WDP	m3 depriv.	3.04e+1	1.03e-1	2.78e-2	4.03e-2	-3.77e-1	1.87e-2	-1.12e+0

I48 Insulated Upstand - 30 cm; 25.1 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
GWP-total	kg CO2 eq	-1.29e+1	8.90e-1	4.94e-1	3.52e-1	3.53e+1	1.93e+0	-1.27e+0
GWP-biogenic	kg CO2 eq	-3.67e+1	2.98e-4	1.08e-1	1.18e-4	3.49e+1	1.91e+0	-7.72e-3
GWP-fossil	kg CO2 eq	2.36e+1	8.89e-1	3.87e-1	3.51e-1	3.93e-1	1.72e-2	-1.25e+0
GWP-luluc	kg CO2 eq	9.89e-2	4.34e-4	4.73e-6	1.71e-4	8.94e-5	1.05e-5	-8.26e-3
ODP	kg CFC11 eq	7.96e-7	2.02e-8	4.85e-10	7.98e-9	5.72e-9	3.69e-10	-3.52e-7
AP	mol H+ eq	1.55e-1	2.20e-3	1.02e-4	8.70e-4	3.45e-3	1.30e-4	-3.84e-2
EP-freshwater	kg P eq	9.20e-3	6.56e-5	1.58e-6	2.59e-5	1.44e-4	2.84e-6	-5.97e-4
EP-marine	kg N eq	4.33e-2	6.00e-4	5.56e-5	2.37e-4	1.84e-3	4.36e-4	-1.03e-2
EP-terrestrial	mol N eq	4.62e-1	6.16e-3	4.78e-4	2.43e-3	1.76e-2	5.49e-4	-1.81e-1
POCP	kg NMVOC eq	1.54e-1	3.59e-3	1.29e-4	1.42e-3	4.49e-3	2.05e-4	-3.35e-2
ADP-minerals&metals	kg Sb eq	2.54e-4	2.49e-6	2.89e-8	9.82e-7	5.62e-7	2.92e-8	-2.37e-6
ADP-fossil	MJ	3.91e+2	1.35e+1	1.28e-1	5.33e+0	2.79e+0	3.36e-1	-1.42e+1
WDP	m3 depriv.	1.65e+1	6.44e-2	1.75e-2	2.55e-2	-2.44e-1	1.21e-2	-9.76e-1

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 90 cm; 38.5 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
GWP-total	kg CO2 eq	-1.35e+0	1.36e+0	7.58e-1	5.57e-1	6.11e+1	2.94e+0	-5.71e+0
GWP-biogenic	kg CO2 eq	-5.58e+1	4.57e-4	1.65e-1	1.86e-4	5.32e+1	2.92e+0	-1.24e-2
GWP-fossil	kg CO2 eq	5.43e+1	1.36e+0	5.93e-1	5.56e-1	7.95e+0	2.05e-2	-5.69e+0
GWP-luluc	kg CO2 eq	1.51e-1	6.65e-4	7.25e-6	2.71e-4	1.88e-4	1.54e-5	-1.28e-2
ODP	kg CFC11 eq	2.29e-6	3.10e-8	7.43e-10	1.26e-8	1.62e-8	4.75e-10	-7.92e-7
AP	mol H+ eq	3.54e-1	3.38e-3	1.56e-4	1.38e-3	6.92e-3	1.46e-4	-5.76e-2
EP-freshwater	kg P eq	2.03e-2	1.01e-4	2.43e-6	4.10e-5	2.41e-4	4.03e-6	-7.10e-4
EP-marine	kg N eq	1.10e-1	9.20e-4	8.53e-5	3.75e-4	3.75e-3	6.41e-4	-1.63e-2
EP-terrestrial	mol N eq	1.02e+0	9.44e-3	7.34e-4	3.85e-3	3.50e-2	5.81e-4	-2.80e-1
POCP	kg NMVOC eq	3.55e-1	5.51e-3	1.97e-4	2.25e-3	8.87e-3	2.35e-4	-5.34e-2
ADP-minerals&metals	kg Sb eq	4.96e-4	3.81e-6	4.43e-8	1.56e-6	1.20e-6	4.24e-8	-3.33e-6
ADP-fossil	MJ	1.06e+3	2.07e+1	1.97e-1	8.44e+0	5.57e+0	4.38e-1	-8.42e+1
WDP	m3 depriv.	5.29e+1	9.89e-2	2.68e-2	4.03e-2	-3.78e-2	1.83e-2	-1.34e+0

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 60 cm; 27.6 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
GWP-total	kg CO2 eq	-9.70e-1	9.79e-1	5.44e-1	3.99e-1	4.39e+1	2.11e+0	-4.10e+0
GWP-biogenic	kg CO2 eq	-4.01e+1	3.28e-4	1.18e-1	1.34e-4	3.82e+1	2.09e+0	-8.93e-3
GWP-fossil	kg CO2 eq	3.90e+1	9.79e-1	4.26e-1	3.99e-1	5.71e+0	1.47e-2	-4.08e+0
GWP-luluc	kg CO2 eq	1.08e-1	4.77e-4	5.20e-6	1.95e-4	1.35e-4	1.10e-5	-9.18e-3
ODP	kg CFC11 eq	1.64e-6	2.22e-8	5.34e-10	9.06e-9	1.17e-8	3.41e-10	-5.68e-7
AP	mol H+ eq	2.54e-1	2.42e-3	1.12e-4	9.88e-4	4.97e-3	1.05e-4	-4.13e-2
EP-freshwater	kg P eq	1.45e-2	7.22e-5	1.74e-6	2.95e-5	1.73e-4	2.89e-6	-5.09e-4
EP-marine	kg N eq	7.88e-2	6.60e-4	6.12e-5	2.69e-4	2.69e-3	4.60e-4	-1.17e-2
EP-terrestrial	mol N eq	7.35e-1	6.78e-3	5.27e-4	2.76e-3	2.51e-2	4.17e-4	-2.01e-1
POCP	kg NMVOC eq	2.55e-1	3.96e-3	1.41e-4	1.61e-3	6.37e-3	1.69e-4	-3.83e-2
ADP-minerals&metals	kg Sb eq	3.56e-4	2.74e-6	3.18e-8	1.12e-6	8.64e-7	3.04e-8	-2.39e-6
ADP-fossil	MJ	7.58e+2	1.49e+1	1.41e-1	6.06e+0	4.00e+0	3.14e-1	-6.04e+1
WDP	m3 depriv.	3.80e+1	7.09e-2	1.92e-2	2.89e-2	-2.71e-2	1.31e-2	-9.64e-1

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 30 cm; 16.8 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
GWP-total	kg CO2 eq	-8.73e-1	5.94e-1	3.30e-1	2.38e-1	2.58e+1	1.26e+0	-2.49e+0
GWP-biogenic	kg CO2 eq	-2.40e+1	1.99e-4	7.18e-2	7.97e-5	2.29e+1	1.25e+0	-3.47e-3
GWP-fossil	kg CO2 eq	2.31e+1	5.93e-1	2.58e-1	2.38e-1	2.93e+0	8.84e-3	-2.48e+0
GWP-luluc	kg CO2 eq	6.68e-2	2.89e-4	3.15e-6	1.16e-4	7.70e-5	6.61e-6	-5.50e-3
ODP	kg CFC11 eq	1.03e-6	1.35e-8	3.23e-10	5.41e-9	6.48e-9	2.05e-10	-3.96e-7
AP	mol H+ eq	1.46e-1	1.47e-3	6.79e-5	5.89e-4	2.86e-3	6.33e-5	-2.58e-2
EP-freshwater	kg P eq	8.52e-3	4.38e-5	1.06e-6	1.76e-5	1.02e-4	1.73e-6	-4.37e-4
EP-marine	kg N eq	4.40e-2	4.00e-4	3.71e-5	1.61e-4	1.55e-3	2.76e-4	-7.14e-3
EP-terrestrial	mol N eq	4.13e-1	4.11e-3	3.19e-4	1.65e-3	1.45e-2	2.52e-4	-1.23e-1
POCP	kg NMVOC eq	1.44e-1	2.40e-3	8.58e-5	9.62e-4	3.68e-3	1.02e-4	-2.45e-2
ADP-minerals&metals	kg Sb eq	2.38e-4	1.66e-6	1.93e-8	6.66e-7	4.94e-7	1.82e-8	-1.96e-6
ADP-fossil	MJ	4.30e+2	9.01e+0	8.56e-2	3.61e+0	2.30e+0	1.89e-1	-3.63e+1
WDP	m3 depriv.	2.00e+1	4.30e-2	1.17e-2	1.73e-2	-3.86e-2	7.88e-3	-8.21e-1

M45 Massive Upstand - 40 cm; 35.4 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
GWP-total	kg CO2 eq	-3.61e+1	1.26e+0	6.98e-1	5.16e-1	5.47e+1	2.99e+0	-7.05e-1
GWP-biogenic	kg CO2 eq	-5.69e+1	4.20e-4	1.52e-1	1.73e-4	5.42e+1	2.97e+0	-1.59e-2
GWP-fossil	kg CO2 eq	2.06e+1	1.26e+0	5.46e-1	5.16e-1	5.33e-1	2.08e-2	-6.77e-1
GWP-luluc	kg CO2 eq	1.47e-1	6.12e-4	6.68e-6	2.52e-4	1.34e-4	1.56e-5	-1.26e-2
ODP	kg CFC11 eq	5.68e-7	2.85e-8	6.84e-10	1.17e-8	8.76e-9	4.83e-10	-3.39e-7
AP	mol H+ eq	1.06e-1	3.11e-3	1.44e-4	1.28e-3	5.33e-3	1.48e-4	-5.36e-2
EP-freshwater	kg P eq	7.53e-3	9.27e-5	2.23e-6	3.81e-5	2.23e-4	4.10e-6	-4.62e-4
EP-marine	kg N eq	3.48e-2	8.47e-4	7.85e-5	3.48e-4	2.84e-3	6.53e-4	-1.50e-2
EP-terrestrial	mol N eq	3.24e-1	8.69e-3	6.75e-4	3.57e-3	2.72e-2	5.88e-4	-2.68e-1
POCP	kg NMVOC eq	1.22e-1	5.07e-3	1.81e-4	2.08e-3	6.92e-3	2.39e-4	-4.52e-2
ADP-minerals&metals	kg Sb eq	2.06e-4	3.51e-6	4.08e-8	1.44e-6	8.63e-7	4.31e-8	-2.45e-7
ADP-fossil	MJ	3.30e+2	1.91e+1	1.81e-1	7.83e+0	4.28e+0	4.45e-1	-5.07e+0
WDP	m3 depriv.	7.98e+0	9.10e-2	2.47e-2	3.74e-2	-3.82e-1	1.87e-2	-7.16e-1

M45 Massive Upstand - 20 cm; 20.5 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
GWP-total	kg CO2 eq	-1.89e+1	7.28e-1	4.04e-1	2.96e-1	3.12e+1	1.70e+0	-6.80e-1
GWP-biogenic	kg CO2 eq	-3.24e+1	2.44e-4	8.80e-2	9.90e-5	3.09e+1	1.69e+0	-7.87e-3
GWP-fossil	kg CO2 eq	1.34e+1	7.27e-1	3.16e-1	2.96e-1	3.19e-1	1.19e-2	-6.65e-1
GWP-luluc	kg CO2 eq	8.56e-2	3.55e-4	3.87e-6	1.44e-4	7.64e-5	8.91e-6	-7.15e-3
ODP	kg CFC11 eq	4.11e-7	1.65e-8	3.96e-10	6.71e-9	5.01e-9	2.75e-10	-2.38e-7
AP	mol H+ eq	6.97e-2	1.80e-3	8.32e-5	7.32e-4	3.04e-3	8.47e-5	-3.14e-2
EP-freshwater	kg P eq	4.87e-3	5.37e-5	1.29e-6	2.18e-5	1.27e-4	2.34e-6	-3.79e-4
EP-marine	kg N eq	2.15e-2	4.90e-4	4.55e-5	1.99e-4	1.62e-3	3.72e-4	-8.74e-3
EP-terrestrial	mol N eq	2.02e-1	5.04e-3	3.91e-4	2.05e-3	1.55e-2	3.36e-4	-1.55e-1
POCP	kg NMVOC eq	7.54e-2	2.94e-3	1.05e-4	1.19e-3	3.95e-3	1.36e-4	-2.74e-2
ADP-minerals&metals	kg Sb eq	1.55e-4	2.03e-6	2.36e-8	8.27e-7	4.93e-7	2.46e-8	-2.08e-7
ADP-fossil	MJ	2.09e+2	1.10e+1	1.05e-1	4.49e+0	2.44e+0	2.54e-1	-6.35e+0
WDP	m3 depriv.	4.93e+0	5.27e-2	1.43e-2	2.14e-2	-2.17e-1	1.06e-2	-6.78e-1

M44 Massive Upstand - 40 cm; 32.3 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
GWP-total	kg CO2 eq	-3.13e+1	1.15e+0	6.37e-1	4.68e-1	4.95e+1	2.70e+0	-9.36e-1
GWP-biogenic	kg CO2 eq	-5.14e+1	3.84e-4	1.39e-1	1.57e-4	4.90e+1	2.68e+0	-1.23e-2
GWP-fossil	kg CO2 eq	2.00e+1	1.15e+0	4.98e-1	4.68e-1	5.21e-1	1.88e-2	-9.12e-1
GWP-luluc	kg CO2 eq	1.34e-1	5.59e-4	6.09e-6	2.28e-4	1.21e-4	1.41e-5	-1.15e-2
ODP	kg CFC11 eq	7.00e-7	2.60e-8	6.25e-10	1.06e-8	7.96e-9	4.37e-10	-4.04e-7
AP	mol H+ eq	1.03e-1	2.84e-3	1.31e-4	1.16e-3	4.82e-3	1.35e-4	-4.96e-2
EP-freshwater	kg P eq	7.26e-3	8.46e-5	2.04e-6	3.45e-5	2.02e-4	3.71e-6	-5.16e-4
EP-marine	kg N eq	3.28e-2	7.73e-4	7.17e-5	3.16e-4	2.57e-3	5.90e-4	-1.38e-2
EP-terrestrial	mol N eq	3.06e-1	7.93e-3	6.17e-4	3.24e-3	2.47e-2	5.34e-4	-2.45e-1
POCP	kg NMVOC eq	1.15e-1	4.63e-3	1.66e-4	1.89e-3	6.27e-3	2.16e-4	-4.22e-2
ADP-minerals&metals	kg Sb eq	2.11e-4	3.21e-6	3.72e-8	1.31e-6	7.82e-7	3.90e-8	-1.58e-6
ADP-fossil	MJ	3.19e+2	1.74e+1	1.65e-1	7.10e+0	3.87e+0	4.03e-1	-9.87e+0
WDP	m3 depriv.	7.42e+0	8.31e-2	2.25e-2	3.39e-2	-3.43e-1	1.69e-2	-7.57e-1

M44 Massive Upstand - 20 cm; 19.6 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
GWP-total	kg CO2 eq	-1.67e+1	6.94e-1	3.86e-1	2.80e-1	2.94e+1	1.60e+0	-8.99e-1
GWP-biogenic	kg CO2 eq	-3.05e+1	2.32e-4	8.40e-2	9.36e-5	2.90e+1	1.59e+0	-5.45e-3
GWP-fossil	kg CO2 eq	1.37e+1	6.94e-1	3.02e-1	2.80e-1	3.38e-1	1.12e-2	-8.86e-1
GWP-luluc	kg CO2 eq	8.17e-2	3.38e-4	3.69e-6	1.36e-4	7.22e-5	8.38e-6	-6.83e-3
ODP	kg CFC11 eq	5.65e-7	1.57e-8	3.78e-10	6.35e-9	4.75e-9	2.60e-10	-3.17e-7
AP	mol H+ eq	7.11e-2	1.72e-3	7.93e-5	6.92e-4	2.87e-3	8.01e-5	-3.06e-2
EP-freshwater	kg P eq	4.94e-3	5.12e-5	1.23e-6	2.06e-5	1.20e-4	2.20e-6	-4.38e-4
EP-marine	kg N eq	2.13e-2	4.68e-4	4.34e-5	1.89e-4	1.53e-3	3.50e-4	-8.39e-3
EP-terrestrial	mol N eq	2.01e-1	4.80e-3	3.73e-4	1.94e-3	1.47e-2	3.18e-4	-1.48e-1
POCP	kg NMVOC eq	7.48e-2	2.80e-3	1.00e-4	1.13e-3	3.72e-3	1.29e-4	-2.69e-2
ADP-minerals&metals	kg Sb eq	1.65e-4	1.94e-6	2.25e-8	7.82e-7	4.65e-7	2.31e-8	-1.61e-6
ADP-fossil	MJ	2.14e+2	1.05e+1	1.00e-1	4.24e+0	2.30e+0	2.39e-1	-1.08e+1
WDP	m3 depriv.	4.79e+0	5.03e-2	1.36e-2	2.03e-2	-2.02e-1	1.00e-2	-7.01e-1

Resource Use Indicators

I48 Insulated Upstand - 90 cm; 54.8 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
PERE	MJ	2.15e+3	4.31e-1	8.26e-3	1.69e-1	1.45e-1	1.28e-2	-3.95e+2
PERM	MJ	8.71e+2	0	0	0	0	0	0
PERT	MJ	3.02e+3	4.31e-1	8.26e-3	1.69e-1	1.45e-1	1.28e-2	-3.95e+2
PENRE	MJ	9.28e+2	2.95e+1	2.80e-1	1.15e+1	5.83e+0	8.23e-1	-2.16e+1
PENRM	MJ	6.09e-1	1.24e-3	1.19e-5	4.86e-4	1.58e-4	2.22e-5	-2.23e-3
PENRT	MJ	9.28e+2	2.95e+1	2.80e-1	1.15e+1	5.83e+0	8.23e-1	-2.16e+1
SM	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NRSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
FW	m3	1.22e+0	3.99e-3	1.21e-3	1.56e-3	-9.61e-3	6.05e-4	-2.56e-2

I48 Insulated Upstand - 60 cm; 39.9 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
PERE	MJ	1.60e+3	3.14e-1	6.02e-3	1.23e-1	1.07e-1	9.23e-3	-2.93e+2
PERM	MJ	6.48e+2	0	0	0	0	0	0
PERT	MJ	2.24e+3	3.14e-1	6.02e-3	1.23e-1	1.07e-1	9.23e-3	-2.93e+2
PENRE	MJ	6.59e+2	2.15e+1	2.04e-1	8.43e+0	4.31e+0	5.80e-1	-1.79e+1
PENRM	MJ	4.40e-1	9.06e-4	8.68e-6	3.56e-4	1.17e-4	1.61e-5	-1.31e-3
PENRT	MJ	6.59e+2	2.15e+1	2.04e-1	8.43e+0	4.31e+0	5.80e-1	-1.79e+1
SM	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NRSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
FW	m3	8.41e-1	2.91e-3	8.83e-4	1.14e-3	-7.10e-3	4.47e-4	-2.18e-2

I48 Insulated Upstand - 30 cm; 25.1 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
PERE	MJ	1.04e+3	1.97e-1	3.79e-3	7.80e-2	6.98e-2	5.67e-3	-1.91e+2
PERM	MJ	4.25e+2	0	0	0	0	0	0
PERT	MJ	1.46e+3	1.97e-1	3.79e-3	7.80e-2	6.98e-2	5.67e-3	-1.91e+2
PENRE	MJ	3.91e+2	1.35e+1	1.28e-1	5.33e+0	2.79e+0	3.36e-1	-1.42e+1
PENRM	MJ	2.72e-1	5.69e-4	5.45e-6	2.25e-4	7.60e-5	1.00e-5	-3.85e-4
PENRT	MJ	3.91e+2	1.35e+1	1.28e-1	5.33e+0	2.79e+0	3.36e-1	-1.42e+1
SM	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NRSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
FW	m3	4.62e-1	1.83e-3	5.55e-4	7.23e-4	-4.59e-3	2.89e-4	-1.80e-2

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 90 cm; 38.5 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
PERE	MJ	1.60e+3	3.03e-1	5.81e-3	1.23e-1	1.61e-1	8.03e-3	-2.91e+2
PERM	MJ	6.30e+2	0	0	0	0	0	0
PERT	MJ	2.23e+3	3.03e-1	5.81e-3	1.23e-1	1.61e-1	8.03e-3	-2.91e+2
PENRE	MJ	1.06e+3	2.07e+1	1.97e-1	8.44e+0	5.57e+0	4.38e-1	-8.42e+1
PENRM	MJ	5.62e-1	8.73e-4	8.37e-6	3.56e-4	1.74e-4	1.44e-5	-1.53e-3
PENRT	MJ	1.06e+3	2.07e+1	1.97e-1	8.44e+0	5.57e+0	4.38e-1	-8.42e+1
SM	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NRSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
FW	m3	1.44e+0	2.81e-3	8.51e-4	1.14e-3	3.56e-3	4.37e-4	-2.29e-2

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 60 cm; 27.6 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
PERE	MJ	1.15e+3	2.17e-1	4.17e-3	8.86e-2	1.16e-1	5.76e-3	-2.09e+2
PERM	MJ	4.52e+2	0	0	0	0	0	0
PERT	MJ	1.60e+3	2.17e-1	4.17e-3	8.86e-2	1.16e-1	5.76e-3	-2.09e+2
PENRE	MJ	7.58e+2	1.49e+1	1.41e-1	6.06e+0	4.00e+0	3.14e-1	-6.04e+1
PENRM	MJ	4.03e-1	6.26e-4	6.00e-6	2.55e-4	1.25e-4	1.03e-5	-1.10e-3
PENRT	MJ	7.58e+2	1.49e+1	1.41e-1	6.06e+0	4.00e+0	3.14e-1	-6.04e+1
SM	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NRSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
FW	m3	1.03e+0	2.01e-3	6.10e-4	8.21e-4	2.55e-3	3.14e-4	-1.65e-2

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 30 cm; 16.8 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
PERE	MJ	6.92e+2	1.32e-1	2.53e-3	5.29e-2	6.56e-2	3.46e-3	-1.25e+2
PERM	MJ	2.73e+2	0	0	0	0	0	0
PERT	MJ	9.66e+2	1.32e-1	2.53e-3	5.29e-2	6.56e-2	3.46e-3	-1.25e+2
PENRE	MJ	4.30e+2	9.01e+0	8.56e-2	3.61e+0	2.30e+0	1.89e-1	-3.63e+1
PENRM	MJ	2.31e-1	3.80e-4	3.64e-6	1.52e-4	7.10e-5	6.21e-6	-2.40e-4
PENRT	MJ	4.30e+2	9.01e+0	8.56e-2	3.61e+0	2.30e+0	1.89e-1	-3.63e+1
SM	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NRSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
FW	m3	5.49e-1	1.22e-3	3.70e-4	4.90e-4	8.24e-4	1.88e-4	-1.40e-2

M45 Massive Upstand - 40 cm; 35.4 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
PERE	MJ	1.58e+3	2.79e-1	5.34e-3	1.14e-1	1.07e-1	8.17e-3	-2.96e+2
PERM	MJ	6.75e+2	0	0	0	0	0	0
PERT	MJ	2.26e+3	2.79e-1	5.34e-3	1.14e-1	1.07e-1	8.17e-3	-2.96e+2
PENRE	MJ	3.31e+2	1.91e+1	1.81e-1	7.83e+0	4.28e+0	4.45e-1	-5.06e+0
PENRM	MJ	3.46e-1	8.04e-4	7.70e-6	3.30e-4	1.16e-4	1.47e-5	-1.37e-3
PENRT	MJ	3.30e+2	1.91e+1	1.81e-1	7.83e+0	4.28e+0	4.45e-1	-5.06e+0
SM	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NRSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
FW	m3	2.33e-1	2.58e-3	7.83e-4	1.06e-3	-7.22e-3	4.45e-4	-1.38e-2

M45 Massive Upstand - 20 cm; 20.5 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
PERE	MJ	9.07e+2	1.61e-1	3.10e-3	6.56e-2	6.11e-2	4.66e-3	-1.69e+2
PERM	MJ	3.84e+2	0	0	0	0	0	0
PERT	MJ	1.29e+3	1.61e-1	3.10e-3	6.56e-2	6.11e-2	4.66e-3	-1.69e+2
PENRE	MJ	2.09e+2	1.10e+1	1.05e-1	4.49e+0	2.44e+0	2.54e-1	-6.35e+0
PENRM	MJ	2.01e-1	4.65e-4	4.46e-6	1.89e-4	6.64e-5	8.36e-6	-4.87e-4
PENRT	MJ	2.09e+2	1.10e+1	1.05e-1	4.49e+0	2.44e+0	2.54e-1	-6.35e+0
SM	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NRSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
FW	m3	1.46e-1	1.50e-3	4.54e-4	6.08e-4	-4.09e-3	2.54e-4	-1.28e-2

M44 Massive Upstand - 40 cm; 32.3 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
PERE	MJ	1.43e+3	2.54e-1	4.88e-3	1.04e-1	9.71e-2	7.39e-3	-2.68e+2
PERM	MJ	6.10e+2	0	0	0	0	0	0
PERT	MJ	2.04e+3	2.54e-1	4.88e-3	1.04e-1	9.71e-2	7.39e-3	-2.68e+2
PENRE	MJ	3.19e+2	1.74e+1	1.65e-1	7.10e+0	3.87e+0	4.03e-1	-9.86e+0
PENRM	MJ	3.16e-1	7.33e-4	7.03e-6	2.99e-4	1.05e-4	1.33e-5	-9.27e-4
PENRT	MJ	3.19e+2	1.74e+1	1.65e-1	7.10e+0	3.87e+0	4.03e-1	-9.86e+0
SM	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NRSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
FW	m3	2.18e-1	2.36e-3	7.15e-4	9.62e-4	-6.47e-3	4.02e-4	-1.35e-2

M44 Massive Upstand - 20 cm; 19.6 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
PERE	MJ	8.56e+2	1.54e-1	2.95e-3	6.21e-2	5.78e-2	4.39e-3	-1.59e+2
PERM	MJ	3.62e+2	0	0	0	0	0	0
PERT	MJ	1.22e+3	1.54e-1	2.95e-3	6.21e-2	5.78e-2	4.39e-3	-1.59e+2
PENRE	MJ	2.14e+2	1.05e+1	1.00e-1	4.24e+0	2.30e+0	2.39e-1	-1.08e+1
PENRM	MJ	1.92e-1	4.44e-4	4.26e-6	1.79e-4	6.27e-5	7.87e-6	-1.93e-4
PENRT	MJ	2.14e+2	1.05e+1	1.00e-1	4.24e+0	2.30e+0	2.39e-1	-1.08e+1
SM	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NRSF	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
FW	m3	1.42e-1	1.43e-3	4.33e-4	5.75e-4	-3.79e-3	2.39e-4	-1.22e-2

Waste and Output Flow Indicators

I48 Insulated Upstand - 90 cm; 54.8 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
HWD	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NHWD	kg	3.00e+0	0	9.06e-2	0	0	8.63e+0	0
RWD	kg	2.12e-3	8.98e-6	1.16e-7	3.51e-6	1.73e-6	2.25e-7	-4.08e-6
CRU	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MFR	kg	1.76e+0	0	7.97e-2	0	1.28e+0	0	0
MER	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
EE	MJ	1.02e+2	0	5.66e+0	0	2.50e+2	0	0

I48 Insulated Upstand - 60 cm; 39.9 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
HWD	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NHWD	kg	1.96e+0	0	6.60e-2	0	0	5.56e+0	0
RWD	kg	1.49e-3	6.55e-6	8.49e-8	2.57e-6	1.28e-6	1.63e-7	-3.76e-7
CRU	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MFR	kg	1.40e+0	0	5.81e-2	0	1.22e+0	0	0
MER	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
EE	MJ	7.51e+1	0	4.13e+0	0	1.86e+2	0	0

I48 Insulated Upstand - 30 cm; 25.1 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
HWD	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NHWD	kg	9.23e-1	0	4.15e-2	0	0	2.48e+0	0
RWD	kg	8.59e-4	4.11e-6	5.33e-8	1.62e-6	8.33e-7	1.02e-7	3.38e-6
CRU	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MFR	kg	1.04e+0	0	3.65e-2	0	1.18e+0	0	0
MER	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
EE	MJ	4.86e+1	0	2.59e+0	0	1.21e+2	0	0

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 90 cm; 38.5 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
HWD	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NHWD	kg	7.89e-1	0	6.36e-2	0	0	1.75e+0	0
RWD	kg	2.31e-3	6.31e-6	8.18e-8	2.57e-6	1.95e-6	1.46e-7	-3.81e-7
CRU	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MFR	kg	6.34e-1	0	5.60e-2	0	1.35e+0	0	0
MER	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
EE	MJ	8.65e+1	0	3.98e+0	0	2.31e+2	0	0

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 60 cm; 27.6 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
HWD	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NHWD	kg	5.66e-1	0	4.57e-2	0	0	1.26e+0	0
RWD	kg	1.66e-3	4.53e-6	5.87e-8	1.85e-6	1.40e-6	1.05e-7	-2.73e-7
CRU	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MFR	kg	4.55e-1	0	4.02e-2	0	9.66e-1	0	0
MER	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
EE	MJ	6.21e+1	0	2.85e+0	0	1.66e+2	0	0

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 30 cm; 16.8 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
HWD	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NHWD	kg	3.40e-1	0	2.77e-2	0	0	7.67e-1	0
RWD	kg	9.09e-4	2.74e-6	3.56e-8	1.10e-6	7.91e-7	6.28e-8	2.27e-6
CRU	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MFR	kg	4.16e-1	0	2.44e-2	0	9.65e-1	0	0
MER	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
EE	MJ	3.64e+1	0	1.73e+0	0	9.63e+1	0	0

M45 Massive Upstand - 40 cm; 35.4 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
HWD	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NHWD	kg	7.94e-1	0	5.86e-2	0	0	1.75e+0	0
RWD	kg	5.68e-4	5.81e-6	7.53e-8	2.38e-6	1.27e-6	1.49e-7	1.93e-6
CRU	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MFR	kg	2.48e+0	0	5.15e-2	0	7.96e-1	0	0
MER	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
EE	MJ	7.48e+1	0	3.66e+0	0	1.88e+2	0	0

M45 Massive Upstand - 20 cm; 20.5 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
HWD	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NHWD	kg	4.53e-1	0	3.39e-2	0	0	1.01e+0	0
RWD	kg	3.53e-4	3.36e-6	4.36e-8	1.37e-6	7.28e-7	8.46e-8	3.29e-6
CRU	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MFR	kg	1.43e+0	0	2.98e-2	0	7.78e-1	0	0
MER	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
EE	MJ	4.27e+1	0	2.12e+0	0	1.07e+2	0	0

M44 Massive Upstand - 40 cm; 32.3 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
HWD	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NHWD	kg	7.19e-1	0	5.35e-2	0	0	1.60e+0	0
RWD	kg	5.40e-4	5.30e-6	6.87e-8	2.16e-6	1.16e-6	1.34e-7	2.47e-6
CRU	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MFR	kg	2.25e+0	0	4.70e-2	0	1.01e+0	0	0
MER	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
EE	MJ	6.77e+1	0	3.34e+0	0	1.70e+2	0	0

M44 Massive Upstand - 20 cm; 19.6 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A4	A5	C2	C3	C4	D
HWD	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NHWD	kg	4.28e-1	0	3.24e-2	0	0	9.64e-1	0
RWD	kg	3.55e-4	3.21e-6	4.16e-8	1.29e-6	6.88e-7	7.97e-8	3.44e-6
CRU	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
MFR	kg	1.35e+0	0	2.85e-2	0	9.70e-1	0	0
MER	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
EE	MJ	4.02e+1	0	2.02e+0	0	1.01e+2	0	0

Carbon Emissions and Removals

I48 Insulated Upstand - 90 cm; 54.8 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A5	C3	C4
Bio Carbon Removal from Product	kg CO2	-1.02e+2	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Product	kg CO2	2.36e+1	0	7.46e+1	3.93e+0
Bio Carbon Removal from Packaging	kg CO2	-3.45e+0	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Packaging	kg CO2	3.20e+0	2.46e-1	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Calcination Carbon Removal	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbonation Carbon Emission	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0

I48 Insulated Upstand - 60 cm; 39.9 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A5	C3	C4
Bio Carbon Removal from Product	kg CO2	-7.55e+1	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Product	kg CO2	1.74e+1	0	5.52e+1	2.90e+0
Bio Carbon Removal from Packaging	kg CO2	-2.73e+0	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Packaging	kg CO2	2.55e+0	1.79e-1	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Calcination Carbon Removal	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbonation Carbon Emission	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0

I48 Insulated Upstand - 30 cm; 25.1 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A5	C3	C4
Bio Carbon Removal from Product	kg CO2	-4.89e+1	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Product	kg CO2	1.13e+1	0	3.57e+1	1.88e+0
Bio Carbon Removal from Packaging	kg CO2	-2.00e+0	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Packaging	kg CO2	1.89e+0	1.12e-1	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Calcination Carbon Removal	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbonation Carbon Emission	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 90 cm; 38.5 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A5	C3	C4
Bio Carbon Removal from Product	kg CO2	-7.59e+1	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Product	kg CO2	1.75e+1	0	5.55e+1	2.92e+0
Bio Carbon Removal from Packaging	kg CO2	-1.32e+0	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Packaging	kg CO2	1.14e+0	1.72e-1	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Calcination Carbon Removal	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbonation Carbon Emission	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 60 cm; 27.6 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A5	C3	C4
Bio Carbon Removal from Product	kg CO2	-5.45e+1	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Product	kg CO2	1.26e+1	0	3.98e+1	2.10e+0
Bio Carbon Removal from Packaging	kg CO2	-9.45e-1	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Packaging	kg CO2	8.21e-1	1.24e-1	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Calcination Carbon Removal	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbonation Carbon Emission	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0

S48 Insulated Sandwich Upstand - 30 cm; 16.8 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A5	C3	C4
Bio Carbon Removal from Product	kg CO2	-3.24e+1	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Product	kg CO2	7.48e+0	0	2.37e+1	1.25e+0
Bio Carbon Removal from Packaging	kg CO2	-8.21e-1	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Packaging	kg CO2	7.46e-1	7.50e-2	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Calcination Carbon Removal	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbonation Carbon Emission	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0

M45 Massive Upstand - 40 cm; 35.4 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A5	C3	C4
Bio Carbon Removal from Product	kg CO2	-7.41e+1	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Product	kg CO2	1.71e+1	0	5.42e+1	2.85e+0
Bio Carbon Removal from Packaging	kg CO2	-4.73e+0	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Packaging	kg CO2	4.57e+0	1.59e-1	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Calcination Carbon Removal	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbonation Carbon Emission	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0

M45 Massive Upstand - 20 cm; 20.5 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A5	C3	C4
Bio Carbon Removal from Product	kg CO2	-4.22e+1	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Product	kg CO2	9.75e+0	0	3.09e+1	1.62e+0
Bio Carbon Removal from Packaging	kg CO2	-2.71e+0	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Packaging	kg CO2	2.62e+0	9.20e-2	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Calcination Carbon Removal	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbonation Carbon Emission	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0

M44 Massive Upstand - 40 cm; 32.3 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A5	C3	C4
Bio Carbon Removal from Product	kg CO2	-6.70e+1	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Product	kg CO2	1.55e+1	0	4.90e+1	2.58e+0
Bio Carbon Removal from Packaging	kg CO2	-4.28e+0	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Packaging	kg CO2	4.14e+0	1.45e-1	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Calcination Carbon Removal	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbonation Carbon Emission	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0

M44 Massive Upstand - 20 cm; 19.6 kg/m2
Indicator	Unit	A1-A3	A5	C3	C4
Bio Carbon Removal from Product	kg CO2	-3.97e+1	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Product	kg CO2	9.17e+0	0	2.90e+1	1.53e+0
Bio Carbon Removal from Packaging	kg CO2	-2.56e+0	0	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Packaging	kg CO2	2.47e+0	8.77e-2	0	0
Bio Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Calcination Carbon Removal	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbonation Carbon Emission	kg CO2	0	0	0	0
Carbon Emission from Waste during Manufacturing (non-renewable source)	kg CO2	0	0	0	0

ND = not declared. Life cycle modules: A1-A3 product stage, A4-A5 construction process, B use stage, C end of life, D benefits and loads beyond the system boundary.

Material composition

Product composition
Material/Component Category	Origin	% Mass
Fasteners	DK	1.91
Insulation	DK	13.5
Plywood	DK	53.43
Polymers parts	DK	0.55
Softwood	DK	30.61

Packaging
Packaging material	Origin	Mass (kg)
Cardboard	DK	0.09
Pallet	DK	0.05
Plastic cover	DK	0.44

Biogenic carbon
Biogenic carbon content	kg C per m2
Biogenic carbon content in product	6.42
Biogenic carbon content in accompanying packaging	0.07

Hazardous substances

No regulated hazardous or dangerous substances are included in this product.

Scenarios

Transport to the building site (A4)

Fuel type: Diesel
Vehicle type: Truck and Trailer
Transport distance: 350 km
Capacity utilization: 33%
Weight of products transported: 55.38 kg
Packaging mass: 0.5814 kg

End of life (C1-C4)

Collected separately: 54.8 kg
Recycling: 2.017 kg
Landfill: 8.632 kg
Incineration: 44.15 kg

Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary (D)

Recycling rate of product: 3.681%
Net energy benefit from energy recovery in C3, declared as exported energy: 249.8 MJ

Product description

A timber upstand for mounting rooflight domes, Nordic Dome (Akrylovenlys) or PC Rooflight (PC-ovenlys), and flat glass units, Glass Rooflight (Glasovenlys), on flat or low-pitched roofs, supplied as a solid pine frame (20 to 40 cm high) or as an insulated construction (30 to 90 cm high). The solid upstand is 44 to 45 mm quality V+ pine kept to a maximum 18% moisture content; the insulated upstand (I48) is 48 mm, sandwiching a mineral-wool core between water-resistant plywood facings, glued and nailed. The insulated sandwich upstand (S48) is also 48 mm, with PUR insulation between water-resistant plywood facings. The pine & plywood used in the upstands is 100% PEFC-certified. Frame choice, together with the dome or glazing selected, sets the overall U-value of the rooflight, and upstands can be supplied primed or lined internally with lacquered or plastic-coated metal for a smooth, easy-to-clean finish. This EPD represents timber upstands supplied either as a solid pine upstand in 20 to 40 cm heights or as an insulated upstand in 30 to 90 cm heights.

Results for all variations are reported using the most conservative variant (I48 Insulated Upstand - 90 cm) as the reference. It represents only the upstand. See separate EPD for Rooflight (Nordic Dome (Akrylovenlys), PC Rooflight (PC-ovenlys), or Glass Rooflight (Glasovenlys).

Interpretation

The manufacturing of the products in this analysis involves the direct procurement of raw materials from suppliers. These materials are then transported to manufacturing facilities in the EU where they are stored, processed, and combined to produce finished products. Notably, the product stage (stage 1) has the highest impact contribution, mainly attributed to the environmental impacts associated with raw material manufacturing.

Given that the raw materials used in product manufacturing have a significant impact, exploration of opportunities to substitute these materials with alternatives that have a lower environmental impact. Additionally, consideration should be given to collaborating with suppliers who employ sustainable manufacturing techniques or integrate more renewable energy into their production processes. Such initiatives can lead to more environmentally friendly products and further enhance the sustainability of the products in this analysis.

LCIA results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds, safety margins or risks. EPDs are comparable only when they follow the same PCR, functional unit and system boundary. The full EPD (PDF) contains the methodology, scenario assumptions and verification statement.