Unfabricated Low-Embodied Carbon (LEC) Steel Pipe and Tube

Declaration details

Manufacturer

Bull Moose Tube Company

Program operator

Smart EPD

Declaration number

SmartEPD-2026-159-1129-01

Date of issue

November 5, 2026

Valid until

November 5, 2031

Product category rules (PCR)

Smart EPD® Part B PCR for Designated Steel Construction Products, 1000-008 v3.0

Standard

ISO 14025:2006 and ISO 21930:2017

Declared unit

1 metric ton of product

System boundary

Cradle to gate (A1 - A3)

Product specificity

Product Average

Manufacturing specificity

Manufacturer Average, Facility Specific

Manufacturing plants

Casa Grande (1001 N Jefferson Ave, Casa Grande, AZ 85122, USA); Chicago Heights (555 E 16th St, Chicago Heights, IL 60411, USA); Elkhart (29851 County Road 20, Elkhart, IN, USA); Gerald (406 East Industrial Drive, Gerald, MO 63037, USA); Masury (1433 Standard Ave, Masury, OH 44438, USA); Sinton (8534 Hwy 89, Sinton, TX, USA); Trenton (195 North Industrial Boulevard, Trenton, GA 30752, USA)

Product category

Steel › StructuralSteel › HollowSections

Product SKU

System boundary option: Manufactured product Form factor: Hollow Sections Production route representation: EAF Steel type: Carbon/Alloy

Verifier

Sevda Alanya Rosenbaum

LCA software

SimaPro 10.2

Program instructions

Smart EPD General Program Instructions v.2.0, March 2025

Life cycle assessment results

Results per 1 metric ton of product.

Environmental Impact Assessment Results

Resource Use Indicators

Waste and Output Flow Indicators

Carbon Emissions and Removals

ND = not declared. Life cycle modules: A1-A3 product stage, A4-A5 construction process, B use stage, C end of life, D benefits and loads beyond the system boundary.

Material composition

Hazardous substances

No regulated hazardous or dangerous substances are included in this product.

Product description

Steel tubes and pipes covered under this declaration represent hollow structural sections (HSS), mechanical tube, pipe piling and sprinkler pipe. These products can have circular, square, or rectangular cross sections, and are widely used in building, bridge and industrial projects. Bull Moose Tube produces HSS in the range of 1” to 14” square (and rectangular and round equivalents), with wall thickness of 0.065” to 0.750”. Bull Moose produces mechanical tube in the range of 0.5” to 2.5” square (and rectangular and round equivalents), with wall thickness of 0.049” to 0.134”. Bull Moose Tube produces Sprinkler Pipe from 1” NPS to 10” NPS, wall thickness of Bull Moose sprinkler pipe includes Schedule 10, Schedule 30 and Schedule 40 as well as engineered wall thicknesses. Bull Moose Tube produces Pipe Pile from 5.563” to 18” outer diameter round, with wall thickness of 0.188” to 0.750”.

Interpretation

The figure illustrates the percentage contribution of each module to all impact categories for one metric ton of LEC steel tube and pipe products at each Bull Moose site. These environmental hotspots show which life cycle stage contributes most (and least) to the cradle-to-gate system boundary.

The results indicate that module A1 (steelmaking) remains the dominant contributor across all impact categories, although its relative contribution is slightly reduced compared to the standard EAF/BOF products, typically contributing approximately 70–95% of total impacts depending on the site and impact category. This reflects the reduced embodied impacts associated with LEC steel inputs.

Contributions from modules A2 (inbound transportation) and A3 (manufacturing) are therefore relatively more pronounced for LEC products, although still secondary to A1. In most cases, combined A2 and A3 contributions remain below 20–30%, but can be higher for selected impact categories.

For Casa Grande, Gerald and Chicago Heights, greater variability across impact categories is observed. In particular, for categories such as EP, AP, and SFP. This reflects the influence of site-specific electricity consumption, fuel use, and process emissions in forming operations, which become more significant as upstream burdens are reduced.

For the remaining sites (Elkhart, Masury, Sinton, and Trenton), results are more consistent, with A1 contributing >85–95% across most impact categories, highlighting the continued dominance of upstream processes, even for lower-carbon steel inputs.

For Module A2 (inbound transportation), contributions remain consistently low across all sites, generally <5%, with slightly higher shares in impact categories sensitive to transport emissions (AP and EP).

For LEC products, A3 becomes relatively more important due to the reduced A1 burden, particularly for energy-intensive impact categories (AP, EP, SFP). In addition, wood packaging contributes to GWP – biogenic and GWP – land use and land use change, consistent with biogenic carbon accounting and land-related emissions.

Note: A collection of manufacturer-average and/or facility-specific EPDs is insufficient for setting benchmarks and thresholds unless production volumes are taken into account. Benchmarking and threshold setting efforts shall also consider that some manufacturer-average data and facility-specific data may be represented in Industry-average EPDs and may result in double counting of the same data.