Environmental Product Declaration
Liberty APAC
by Humanscale
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for Liberty APAC, manufactured by Humanscale. Declaration SmartEPD-2026-107-1065-01, prepared according to EPD Norge Product Category Rules NPCR 026 Part B for Furniture and Components of Furniture, valid until September 21, 2031.
- Functional unit
- 1 unit of product of seating
- Valid until
- September 21, 2031
- PCR
- EPD Norge Part B for Furniture and Components of Furniture
Declaration details
- Manufacturer
- Humanscale
- Program operator
- Smart EPD
- Declaration number
- SmartEPD-2026-107-1065-01
- Date of issue
- September 21, 2026
- Valid until
- September 21, 2031
- Product category rules (PCR)
- EPD Norge Product Category Rules NPCR 026 Part B for Furniture and Components of Furniture (version 3.0)
- Standard
- ISO 14025:2006 and EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021
- Functional unit
- 1 unit of product of seating
- System boundary
- Cradle to gate with other options (A1 - A3, A4, A5, C1 - C4, D)
- Product specificity
- Product Specific
- Manufacturing specificity
- Facility Specific
- Manufacturing plant
- Humanscale Zhejiang (Zhejiang, China)
- Product category
- Furnishings › Chairs
- Product SKU
- L113BM10FT10XFSHNSC
- Product service life
- 15 years
- Verifier
- Jack Geibig, Ecoform, LLC
- LCA software
- Carbon Bright 1.2.2
- Program instructions
- Smart EPD General Program Instructions v.2.0, March 2025
Life cycle assessment results
Results per 1 unit of product of seating.
Environmental Impact Assessment Results
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| climate change: total (EF v3.1 - IPCC 2021)global warming potential (GWP100) | kg CO2-Eq | 8.42e+1 | 1.05e+1 | 1.35e+1 | 0 | 2.82e-1 | 6.52e-1 | 5.61e-1 | 2.66e+0 |
| climate change: fossil (EF v3.1 - IPCC 2021)global warming potential (GWP100) | kg CO2-Eq | 9.26e+1 | 1.05e+1 | 2.27e-1 | 0 | 2.82e-1 | 5.97e-1 | 5.61e-1 | 2.66e+0 |
| climate change: biogenic (EF v3.1 - IPCC 2021)global warming potential (GWP100) | kg CO2-Eq | -8.71e+0 | 0 | 8.71e+0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| climate change: land use and land use change (EF v3.1 - IPCC 2021)global warming potential (GWP100) | kg CO2-Eq | 3.04e-1 | 5.02e-3 | 1.45e-4 | 0 | 1.31e-4 | 6.01e-4 | 4.81e-5 | -1.55e-3 |
| climate change: total excluding biogenic (EF v3.1 - IPCC 2021)global warming potential (GWP100) | kg CO2 eq | 9.29e+1 | 1.05e+1 | 4.76e+0 | 0 | 2.82e-1 | 6.52e-1 | 5.61e-1 | 2.66e+0 |
| ozone depletionozone depletion potential (ODP) | kg CFC-11-Eq | 2.31e-6 | 1.41e-7 | 2.67e-9 | 0 | 3.74e-9 | 4.12e-9 | 1.73e-9 | -5.95e-7 |
| acidificationaccumulated exceedance (AE) | mol H+-Eq | 5.58e-1 | 1.03e-1 | 1.40e-3 | 0 | 1.29e-3 | 2.16e-3 | 5.01e-4 | 4.49e-2 |
| eutrophication: freshwaterfraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment (P) | kg P-Eq | 2.93e-2 | 9.96e-4 | 3.95e-5 | 0 | 3.12e-5 | 1.28e-4 | 8.26e-6 | 2.26e-3 |
| eutrophication: freshwaterfraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment (PO4-Eq) | kg PO4 eq | 8.97e-2 | 3.05e-3 | 1.21e-4 | 0 | 9.58e-5 | 3.91e-4 | 2.53e-5 | 6.92e-3 |
| eutrophication: marinefraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment (N) | kg N-Eq | 1.11e-1 | 3.01e-2 | 2.00e-3 | 0 | 4.76e-4 | 2.54e-3 | 2.35e-2 | 4.86e-3 |
| eutrophication: terrestrialaccumulated exceedance (AE) | mol H+-Eq | 1.05e+0 | 3.32e-1 | 4.33e-3 | 0 | 5.19e-3 | 9.68e-3 | 2.06e-3 | 4.78e-2 |
| material resources: metals/mineralsabiotic depletion potential (ADP): elements (ultimate reserves) | kg Sb-Eq | 2.08e-3 | 2.95e-5 | 1.11e-6 | 0 | 9.27e-7 | 1.46e-6 | 1.35e-7 | -6.94e-5 |
| water useuser deprivation potential (deprivation-weighted water consumption) | m3 world Eq deprived | 3.27e+1 | 7.30e-1 | 7.29e-2 | 0 | 2.22e-2 | 1.30e-1 | 6.76e-2 | -6.68e-1 |
Resource Use Indicators
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materialsPERE | MJ | 1.26e+1 | 1.88e+0 | 0 | 0 | 5.69e-2 | 4.83e-1 | 2.36e-2 | -1.24e-1 |
| use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materialsPERM | MJ | 8.38e+1 | 0 | 9.08e+1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -6.52e-1 |
| total use of renewable primary energy resources (primary energy and primary energy resources used as raw materials)PERT | MJ | 9.63e+1 | 1.88e+0 | 9.91e-2 | 0 | 5.69e-2 | 4.83e-1 | 2.36e-2 | -7.77e-1 |
| use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materialsPENRE | MJ | 1.03e+3 | 1.44e+2 | 7.80e-1 | 0 | 3.97e+0 | -2.54e+1 | -1.98e+2 | 1.21e+1 |
| use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materialsPENRM | MJ | 2.24e+2 | 0 | 2.08e+0 | 0 | 0 | 2.96e+1 | 2.00e+2 | 5.15e-1 |
| total use of non-renewable primary energy resources (primary energy and primary energy resources used as raw materials)PENRT | MJ | 1.25e+3 | 1.44e+2 | 2.86e+0 | 0 | 3.97e+0 | 4.16e+0 | 1.54e+0 | 1.26e+1 |
| use of secondary materialSM | kg | 1.04e+1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| use of renewable secondary fuelsRSF | MJ | 7.21e-1 | 6.86e-4 | 2.12e-5 | 0 | 2.24e-5 | 5.90e-5 | 1.03e-5 | -2.26e-3 |
| use of non-renewable secondary fuelsNRSF | MJ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| net use of fresh waterFW | m3 | 7.52e-1 | 1.82e-2 | -8.28e-3 | 0 | 5.60e-4 | 2.81e-3 | -2.17e-2 | -7.00e-2 |
Waste and Output Flow Indicators
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| exported energy - electricityEEE | MJ | 0 | 0 | 1.72e-5 | 0 | 0 | 1.02e-4 | 0 | 0 |
| exported energy - heatEET | MJ | 0 | 0 | 2.77e-5 | 0 | 0 | 4.20e-5 | 0 | 0 |
| materials for energy recoveryMER | kg | 0 | 0 | 2.97e-1 | 0 | 0 | 6.35e-2 | 0 | 0 |
| materials for recyclingMFR | kg | 7.54e-1 | 0 | 2.72e+0 | 0 | 0 | 7.13e+0 | 0 | 0 |
| materials for net energy recovery (secondary fuels)MNER | kg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| hazardous waste disposedHWD | kg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| high-level radioactive waste disposedHLRW | kg | 1.90e-4 | 7.92e-6 | 3.86e-7 | 0 | 2.41e-7 | 2.74e-6 | 1.04e-7 | 2.26e-5 |
| intermediate and low-level radioactive waste disposedILLRW | kg | 4.68e-4 | 1.91e-5 | 9.05e-7 | 0 | 5.81e-7 | 9.28e-6 | 2.60e-7 | 6.13e-5 |
| non-hazardous waste disposedNHWD | kg | 0 | 0 | 2.43e+0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.28e+0 | 0 |
| radioactive waste disposedRWD | kg | 6.58e-4 | 2.70e-5 | 1.29e-6 | 0 | 8.22e-7 | 1.20e-5 | 3.64e-7 | 8.39e-5 |
| components for re-useCRU | kg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Carbon Emissions and Removals
| Indicator | Unit | A1-A3 | A4 | A5 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biogenic CO2, packaging | kg CO2 | -8.71e+0 | 0 | 8.71e+0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Biogenic CO2, products | kg CO2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ND = not declared. Life cycle modules: A1-A3 product stage, A4-A5 construction process, B use stage, C end of life, D benefits and loads beyond the system boundary.
Material composition
| Material/Component Category | Origin | % Mass of product | Post-consumer % | Post-consumer weight (kg) | Pre-consumer % | Pre-consumer weight (kg) | Mass (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STEEL - (LOW-ALLOYED) | Various | 22.24 | 5.4 | 0.16 | 38.6 | 1.16 | 2.996 |
| BRASS | Various | 0.14 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.019 |
| NYLON 6, GLASS-FILLED | Various | 10.78 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1.452 |
| POLYETHYLENE (PE) | Various | 0.22 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.030 |
| NYLON 6 | Various | 11.99 | 5.1 | 0.08 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1.616 |
| POLYPROPYLENE | Various | 8.54 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1.150 |
| POLYURETHANE FLEXIBLE FOAM | Various | 0.48 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.064 |
| POLYURETHANE | Various | 1.52 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.204 |
| ALUMINUM | Various | 30.66 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 100.0 | 4.13 | 4.129 |
| THERMOPLASTIC VULCANIZATES (TPV) | Various | 0.06 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.008 |
| POWDER COATING (ZINC PLATING) | Various | 0.85 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.115 |
| LUBRICATING OIL | Various | 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.004 |
| NITRILE BUTADIENE RUBBER (NBR) | Various | 0.06 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.008 |
| NYLON 6-6 | Various | 0.04 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.006 |
| PHENOLIC RESIN | Various | 0.02 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.003 |
| POLYOXYMETHYLENE (POM) | Various | 0.76 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.103 |
| POLYURETHANE, RIGID FOAM | Various | 5.34 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.720 |
| POLYMERIC MATERIAL, 82% POLYESTER 18% NYLON | Various | 0.74 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.100 |
| THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER (TPE) | Various | 0.02 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.003 |
| BRONZE | Various | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.002 |
| POLYSTYRENE, GENERAL PURPOSE | Various | 5.49 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.740 |
| POLYETHYLENE, HIGH DENSITY | Various | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.000 |
| ZINC | Various | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.000 |
| POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) | Various | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.001 |
| Total | 100.00 | 13.474 |
| Packaging material | Origin | Mass (kg) |
|---|---|---|
| FOLDING BOXBOARD CARTON | China | 5.397 |
| PACKAGING FILM, LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE | China | 0.0519 |
| POLYETHYLENE, LOW DENSITY | Seoul, South Korea | 0.0007 |
| Biogenic carbon content | kg C per unit |
|---|---|
| Biogenic carbon content in product | 0 |
| Biogenic carbon content in accompanying packaging | 2.375 |
Hazardous substances
This product contains no substances required to be reported as hazardous to human health or the environment.
Scenarios
Transport to the building site (A4)
- Fuel type
- Diesel
- Vehicle type
- Fleet Average Lorry Class
- Transport distance
- 2718 km by Truck, 11406 km by Container Ship
- Capacity utilization
- Average Load Factor including empty return trips (modeled by Ecoinvent)
- Weight of products transported
- 13.473 kg
- Packaging mass
- 5.450 kg
End of life (C1-C4)
- Recycling
- 7.129 kg
- Landfill
- 6.281 kg
- Incineration with energy recovery
- 0.063 kg
Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary (D)
- Recycling rate of product
- 52.9%
- Recycled content of product
- 41.04%
- Net energy benefit from energy recovery in C3, declared as exported energy
- 2.56 MJ
Product description
With a minimal aesthetic that complements any space, the Liberty chair is the ideal seating solution for the modern work environment. With advanced features, including automatic, weight-sensitive recline, arm rests that are attached to the back of the chair for constant support and an innovative tri-panel mesh backrest, Liberty combines performance, simplicity and beauty. With fewer parts than traditional task chairs, Liberty is a timeless and environmentally friendly design.
Interpretation
The Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Liberty APAC offers a rigorous evaluation of its environmental footprint across key indicators—greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, and water depletion. The analysis reflects decisions already made during the design and development process to prioritize materials and manufacturing methods that align with sustainability objectives—balancing product performance with environmental responsibility.
Key Contributors to the environmental impact include the following:
Carbon Footprint: The top 3 activities contributing to carbon footprint (IPCC AR6 GWP100 total) are nylon 6 production (13.7%), nylon 6 production, glass-filled (10.0%), market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified (9.2%).
Energy Use: The top 3 activities contributing to non-renewable primary energy use are market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified (14.8%), nylon 6 production (14.3%), nylon 6 production, glass-filled (10.7%).
Water Use: The top 3 activities contributing to fresh water use are nylon 6 production, glass-filled (22.5%), nylon 6 production (15.0%), treatment of aluminium scrap, new, at remelter (12.1%).
LCIA results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds, safety margins or risks. EPDs are comparable only when they follow the same PCR, functional unit and system boundary. The full EPD (PDF) contains the methodology, scenario assumptions and verification statement.