Rubber Tile

Declaration details

Manufacturer

Roppe Corporation, USA

Program operator

Smart EPD

Declaration number

SmartEPD-2025-073-0544-01

Date of issue

June 23, 2025

Valid until

June 23, 2030

Product category rules (PCR)

UL Part B: Flooring (version 2)

Standard

ISO 14025:2006 and ISO 21930:2017

Functional unit

1 m2 installed flooring of product

System boundary

Cradle to grave (A1 - A3, A4, A5, B1 - B7, C1 - C4)

Product specificity

Product Average

Manufacturing specificity

Facility Specific

Manufacturing plant

Roppe Plant (1602 North Union Street, Fostoria, OH, USA)

Product category

Finishes › Flooring › ResilientFlooring

Product service life

40 years

Verifier

Mari Kirss

LCA software

openLCA 2.4

Program instructions

Smart EPD General Program Instructions v.1.0, November 2022

Life cycle assessment results

Results per 1 m2 installed flooring of product.

Environmental Impact Assessment Results

Resource Use Indicators

Waste and Output Flow Indicators

Carbon Emissions and Removals

ND = not declared. Life cycle modules: A1-A3 product stage, A4-A5 construction process, B use stage, C end of life, D benefits and loads beyond the system boundary.

Material composition

Hazardous substances

No regulated hazardous or dangerous substances are included in this product.

Scenarios

Transport to the building site (A4)

Fuel type

Diesel

Vehicle type

Diesel Truck

Transport distance

800 km

Packaging mass

0.632 kg

End of life (C1-C4)

Collected separately

5.6 kg

Landfill

5.6 kg

Product or material for final disposal

5.6 kg

Product description

Roppe Rubber Tile is a durable, homogeneous, vulcanized rubber flooring product manufactured at Roppe Corporation’s facility in Fostoria, Ohio, USA. Designed for permanent indoor installations, it is suitable for commercial, institutional, and educational environments with high foot traffic and rolling loads.

The product is available in a wide range of surface textures, including Smooth, Slate, Raised Square, Low Profiled Raised, Raised Circular, Warning Tile, Lug Back, Crackle, Random, Stripe, and others. A variety of nominal dimensions are offered, including:

12 in x 12 in (1/8 in or 3/16 in gauge)

19 11/16 in x 19 11/16 in (1/8 in, 3/16 in, or 13/64 in gauge)

24 in x 24 in (0.080 in or 1/8 in gauge)

27 in x 27 in (1/8 in or 3/16 in gauge)

36 in x 36 in (1/8 in gauge)

Roppe Rubber Tile is available in a broad range of color palettes, including solid colors, marbleized colors, and solid colors with tonal flecks to support varied design and aesthetic requirements.

The product is manufactured without a factory finish and is intended for indoor use only. It is Red List Free and does not contain any substances listed on the Living Future Institute’s Red List, REACH Candidate List of SVHCs, or REACH Annex XVII. It does not contain recycled content but is recyclable through the Roppe Impact Program.

The product meets the requirements of ASTM F1344 – Standard Specification for Rubber Floor Tile (Type I, A & B, Grade 1), including specifications for dimensional stability, flexibility, and chemical resistance. It also meets a variety of performance and safety standards, including:

ASTM E648 – Class I Critical Radiant Flux

ASTM E662 – Smoke Density ≤ 450

ASTM D2047 – Static Coefficient of Friction ≥ 0.50

ASTM F970 – Static Load Resistance (passes ≤ 0.005” at 250 psi and 1100 psi modified)

ASTM F925 – Chemical Resistance (Excellent)

ISO 4918 – Castor Chair Test (No damage or separation after 25,000 cycles)

CAN/ULC-S102.2, ASTM G21, ASTM D3389, and more

Roppe Rubber Tile is certified under NSF/ANSI 332 (Level 1), FloorScore, and complies with CA Section 01350 and CHPS requirements. The mass and density of the product are determined per square meter in accordance with the applicable product category rules.

Interpretation

The results of the LCA indicate that Replacement (B4) is the largest contributor to impacts of the assessed products across all impact categories. This is due to the fact that 1.88 installations are required within the service lifetime of the building of 75 years. Raw Materials (A1) contribute to the second largest portion of impacts across most indicators. The materials of fossil origin, such as styrene butadiene rubber, are the primary driver of impacts within Module A1.

For most indicators, manufacturing (A3) follows as the third largest contributor to impacts, primarily due to the electricity and natural gas consumed during mixing, calendering, vulcanizing, and finishing processes at the Roppe facilities. The Eutrophication Potential (EP) indicator is an exception, where disposal (C4) ranks second due to modeled emissions from landfilling at end of life.

Transport (A2, A4, C2), installation (A5), and maintenance (B2) phases are non-negligible contributors but represent a comparatively smaller share of total impacts. Installation is modeled with a 6% material loss and associated packaging waste. Use-phase maintenance includes hot water and detergent for weekly wet mopping and monthly spray buffing, based on industry average cleaning frequencies.

The end-of-life stage (Modules C1–C4) is modeled assuming 100% of product mass is landfilled, with a transport distance of 161 km (100 miles) from the use site to disposal. This approach is based on industry average assumptions outlined in the PCR and recent RFCI studies.

While the product is composed of both synthetic and mineral-based materials, none are derived from biogenic sources. However, biogenic carbon associated with packaging materials—specifically the wood pallet—is included in the life cycle inventory and reflected in the GWP-biogenic results. These contributions are reported separately in accordance with ISO 14025, the PCR, and SmartEPD General Program Instructions. No significant reuse, recycling, or energy recovery is modeled at end of life.

This interpretation is based on the goal of the LCA: to characterize the potential cradle-to-grave environmental impacts of the rubber flooring product described in this EPD, without making comparisons or claims of superiority. The results reflect modeled scenarios and assumptions representative of typical product use, installation, and end-of-life conditions. All outcomes are subject to data limitations, background dataset quality, and methodological choices outlined in the LCA report. Users of this EPD should consider potential trade-offs between environmental impact categories and exercise caution when applying results to procurement or design decisions.