Environmental Product Declaration
ChromX
by CMC
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for ChromX, manufactured by CMC. Declaration SmartEPD-2024-028-0144-01, prepared according to Part B: Designated Steel Construction Products, valid until July 12, 2029.
- Declared unit
- 1 t of product
- Valid until
- July 12, 2029
- PCR
- Part B: Designated Steel Construction Products
Declaration details
- Manufacturer
- CMC
- Program operator
- Smart EPD
- Declaration number
- SmartEPD-2024-028-0144-01
- Date of issue
- July 12, 2024
- Valid until
- July 12, 2029
- Product category rules (PCR)
- Part B: Designated Steel Construction Products (version 2)
- Standard
- ISO 14025:2006 and ISO 21930:2017
- Declared unit
- 1 t of product
- System boundary
- Cradle to gate (A1 - A3)
- Product specificity
- Product Specific
- Manufacturing specificity
- Facility Specific
- Manufacturing plant
- CMC - Cayce, SC (CMC Steel South Carolina, New State Road, Cayce, SC, USA)
- Product category
- Steel › RebarSteel
- Product SKU
- ChromX 4100, ChromX 9100
- Verifier
- Lucas Pedro Berman, Senda - Consultoria Ambiental & Energetica
- LCA software
- SimaPro 9.5
- Program instructions
- Smart EPD General Program Instructions v.1.0, November 2022
Life cycle assessment results
Results per 1 t of product.
Environmental Impact Assessment Results
| Indicator | Unit | A1 | A2 | A3 | A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GWP-total | kg CO2 eq | 3.42e+2 | 1.97e+2 | 3.68e+2 | 9.07e+2 |
| ODP | kg CFC 11 eq | 5.32e-5 | 4.52e-6 | 1.48e-6 | 5.92e-5 |
| AP | kg SO2 eq | 1.03e+0 | 6.05e-1 | 5.94e-1 | 2.23e+0 |
| EP | kg N eq | 9.79e-1 | 1.47e-1 | 3.96e-1 | 1.52e+0 |
| SFP | kg O3 eq | 9.77e+0 | 1.10e+1 | 1.07e+1 | 3.15e+1 |
| ADP-fossil | MJ | 7.97e+3 | 2.70e+3 | 2.99e+3 | 1.37e+4 |
Resource Use Indicators
| Indicator | Unit | A1 | A2 | A3 | A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RPRE | MJ | 4.80e+2 | 4.27e+1 | 1.18e+2 | 6.41e+2 |
| RPRM | MJ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NRPRE | MJ | 8.10e+3 | 2.76e+3 | 3.71e+3 | 1.46e+4 |
| NRPRM | MJ | 1.73e-1 | 1.34e-1 | 5.36e-3 | 3.12e-1 |
| SM | kg | 1.08e+3 | 0 | 0 | 1.08e+3 |
| RSF | MJ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NRSF | MJ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| RE | MJ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| FW | m3 | 4.89e-1 | 3.34e-1 | 5.40e-1 | 1.36e+0 |
Waste and Output Flow Indicators
| Indicator | Unit | A1 | A2 | A3 | A1-A3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HWD | kg | 0 | 0 | 2.00e-1 | 2.00e-1 |
| NHWD | kg | 0 | 0 | 5.15e+0 | 5.15e+0 |
| CRU | kg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| MFR | kg | 0 | 0 | 2.48e+2 | 2.48e+2 |
| MER | kg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| HLRW | kg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ILLRW | kg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ND = not declared. Life cycle modules: A1-A3 product stage, A4-A5 construction process, B use stage, C end of life, D benefits and loads beyond the system boundary.
Material composition
| Material/Component Category | Origin | % Mass |
|---|---|---|
| recycled steel | GLO | 83-86 |
| Chrome | RoW | 5-11 |
| Other | GLO | 1-12 |
| Biogenic carbon content | kg C per t |
|---|---|
| Biogenic carbon content in product | 0 |
| Biogenic carbon content in accompanying packaging | 0 |
Hazardous substances
No regulated hazardous or dangerous substances are included in this product.
Product description
Scientifically engineered, ChromX® uncoated, concrete-reinforcing steel achieves its superior properties of corrosion resistance because of the patented steel microstructure that is formed during production. ChromX® exceeds project needs with innovation and precision and can be handled and fabricated like conventional rebar without the risk of damage, repair or inspection issues. ChromX® 9100 (ASTM A1035-CS) is almost entirely resistant to corrosion and has a 100-year product service life.
Manufactured from recycled scrap metal, ChromX® rebar can be found in structures around the world including bridges, roads, dams, tunnels, spillways, building structures and parking garages.
Interpretation
Environmental impacts are driven by the manufacturing phase, followed by the upstream production of raw materials. In particular, electricity use, direct emissions from the EAF, and alloying elements. Direct emissions and energy use are the largest contributors to GWP100, while energy use is the dominant contributor to ADPfossil. Melt shop operations account for a large fraction of direct emissions from the steelmaking process as well as a large fraction of steelmaking’s environmental impact. Carbon dioxide emissions result from fossil fuel combustion as well as from combustion of the graphite electrodes and carbon used in the EAF. Ferrochromium addition to ChromX correspond to a large part of the raw material impacts. A material loss reduction programme in the process will contribute to the improvement of the product's environmental profile. Energy use in the reheat furnace for ChromX also contribute to increased environmental impacts. There will be a trade off, however, due to the increased service life that these additional steps provide to the products. This EPD includes results beyond the product stage (A1-A3); in such cases, when evaluating or comparing EPD results the entire life cycle module should be considered. The estimated impact results are only relative statements which do not indicate the end points of the impact categories, exceeding threshold values, safety margins or risks.
Percent contribution of each life cycle stage for ChromX
LCIA results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds, safety margins or risks. EPDs are comparable only when they follow the same PCR, functional unit and system boundary. The full EPD (PDF) contains the methodology, scenario assumptions and verification statement.