Coal Ash – Bowen

Declaration details

Manufacturer

Eco Material Technologies

Program operator

Smart EPD

Declaration number

SmartEPD-2025-091-0614-02.2

Date of issue

November 13, 2025

Valid until

November 13, 2030

Product category rules (PCR)

Smart EPD® Part A Product Category Rules for Building and Construction Products and Services, 1000, v1.2 (version 1.2)

Standard

ISO 14025:2006 and ISO 21930:2017

Declared unit

1 tonne of product

System boundary

Cradle to gate (A1 - A3)

Product specificity

Product Specific

Manufacturing specificity

Facility Specific

Manufacturing plant

Bowen (Cartersville, GA, USA)

Product category

ManufacturingInputs › CementitiousMaterials › SupplementaryCementitiousMaterials

Product SKU

Bowen coal ash contains both newly produced material and fly ash from previously stored deposits.

Verifier

Jack Geibig, Ecoform, LLC

LCA software

SimaPro 9.6

Program instructions

Smart EPD General Program Instructions v.2.0, March 2025

Life cycle assessment results

Results per 1 tonne of product.

Environmental Impact Assessment Results

Resource Use Indicators

Waste and Output Flow Indicators

ND = not declared. Life cycle modules: A1-A3 product stage, A4-A5 construction process, B use stage, C end of life, D benefits and loads beyond the system boundary.

Material composition

Hazardous substances

No regulated hazardous or dangerous substances are included in this product.

Product description

Bowen coal ash contains both newly produced material and fly ash from previously stored deposits. The recovered ash is dried and processed to achieve the required particle size and meet strict quality standards. After processing, the reclaimed fly ash is combined with current production material to produce a uniform, high-quality product. The resulting fly ash meets ASTM C618 standards and is suitable for use as a partial cement replacement in concrete applications.

Interpretation

For supplementary cementitious materials analyzed in this study manufacturing (A3) had the largest impact with some facilities having significant impact from raw material transportation (A2) as well. Raw materials (A1) include no burden in the impacts since they are secondary materials and the impacts associated with the materials are included in the primary product. For supplementary cementitious materials studied the global warming potential impacts were largely due to emissions from electricity and combustion of hard coals and natural gas within the manufacturing process. While this is expected it also gives the largest opportunity of potential with the expansion of green energy in North America. Efficiency or renewable energy improvements made to support the processes of transforming the raw materials to the product, including those in system boundary would advance continued impact reduction efforts. Reduction in operations downtime would also optimize impact potential.

LCA results are based on a relative approach and indicate potential environmental effects therefore do not predict actual impacts on category impacts.