Leviat Structural Steel Clamp & Spacer

Declaration details

Manufacturer

Leviat International

Program operator

Smart EPD

Declaration number

SmartEPD-2025-076-0549-01

Date of issue

June 20, 2025

Valid until

June 20, 2030

Product category rules (PCR)

EPD International PCR for Construction Products 2019:14 (EN 15804:A2:2019/AC:2021) v1.3.4 (version 1.3.4)

Standard

ISO 14025:2006 and EN 15804:2012+A2:2019/AC:2021

Declared unit

1 kg of product of structural steel product

System boundary

Cradle to gate with other options (A1 - A3, A4, A5, C1 - C4, D)

Product specificity

Product Average

Manufacturing specificity

Facility Specific

Manufacturing plants

Kingway Metal Co.,Ltd (7 Yongheng Road, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China); Kingway Metal Co.,Ltd (7 Yongheng Road, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China)

Verifier

Sarah Curpen

LCA software

SimaPro 9.6

Program instructions

Smart EPD General Program Instructions v.2.0, March 2025

Life cycle assessment results

Results per 1 kg of product of structural steel product.

Environmental Impact Assessment Results

Resource Use Indicators

Waste and Output Flow Indicators

ND = not declared. Life cycle modules: A1-A3 product stage, A4-A5 construction process, B use stage, C end of life, D benefits and loads beyond the system boundary.

Material composition

Hazardous substances

0

Product description

The steel clamp and steel spacer covered in this report are structural steel products intended for use in outdoor environments. These components are designed to provide mechanical support and structural integrity in a variety of assemblies. They are typically used in conjunction with other structural steel products such as steel brackets and mounting frames. The products are fabricated to meet the durability and strength requirements of outdoor structural applications. Product diagrams for the clamp and spacer are provided below:

Interpretation

A1 – A3 Cradle-to-Gate Results

This section discusses the cradle-to-gate results for the declared units, 1 kg of Leviat Clamp product and 1 kg of Leviat spacer product. Although this discussion is focused on the LCIA results, calculated using the EN 15804 + A2 (adapted) LCIA method, the section also includes A1-A3 results for Primary Resource Use, Indicators Describing Waste and Output Flows, and Additional Environmental Information. Results for biogenic carbon in packaging are reported in this section due to use of corrugate boxes as packaging (A1). LCIA results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds, safety margins or risks.

Comparisons cannot be made between product-specific or industry average EPDs at the design stage of a project, before a building or construction works has been specified. Comparisons may be made between product-specific or industry average EPDs at the time of product purchase only when product or construction works performance and specifications have been established and serve as a functional unit for comparison. Environmental impact results shall be converted to a functional unit basis before any comparison is attempted. Any comparison of EPDs shall be subject to the requirements of ISO 21930 or EN 15804. EPDs are not comparative assertions and are either not comparable or have limited comparability when they have different system boundaries, are based on different product category rules or are missing relevant environmental impacts. Such comparisons can be inaccurate and could lead to erroneous selection of materials or products that are higher-impact, at least in some impact categories.

Stage A1 is the dominant contributor across all mandatory indicators, with contributions ranging from approximately 65% to 95% for the spacer. A3 has minor to moderate contributions to impacts, contributing roughly 20% to total A1-A3 ODP and EP-fw impacts. A2 has insignificant to minor contributions to impacts across categories, contributing from roughly 0% up to almost 10% in the ODP indicator. These results highlight the significance of the upstream production processes associated with the steel procured by the manufacturer. Due to significant similarities in material composition, energy intensity, and supplier attributes, this interpretation serves for both the clamp and spacer products.

A1 – C4 Cradle-to-Grave

The LCIA results for A1-C4 demonstrate that the A1-A3 stages have the most significant contributions across indicators, ranging from 30% to over 99% of the total life cycle impacts and roughly 70% of indicators on average. This reinforces the significance of raw material extraction and upstream processing, transportation, and manufacturer-controlled processes in determining the overall environmental performance of the product. Beyond A1-A3, the A4 stage has moderate contributions, reaching up to 56% in select indicators such as ODP and contributing to roughly 23% to indicators on average. A5 contributes less than 3% across all impact categories. B1-B7 (Use Stage) are considered null in this assessment, as the clamp and spacer products do not require energy, water, or routine maintenance throughout their use phase. End-of-life impacts (C1-C4) are also relatively low in comparison with A1-A3. Modules C1 and C4 have similar contributions to impacts across indicators, contributing 4% to indicators on average and contributing up to 12% in some categories. Module C2 has an insignificant contribution to impacts, roughly 1% on average across categories. Module C3 includes the collection of the product to recycling, with no additional pre-treatment processes required. Environmental impacts are considered negligible. Due to significant similarities in material composition, energy intensity, and supplier attributes, this interpretation serves for both the clamp and spacer products. Results on a per kilogram (kg) basis are provided in the results tables.